The English Reformation after the Wars of the Roses
(1455-1485).
 


Date

Event

Reign

Abp.
Canterbury

Pope


Contemporary events
1485 Wars of
Roses ends.
Henry Tudor proclaimed King
Henry
VII
1485-1509
John Morton
1486-1500
Innocent III 1484  
1490 John Colet (1467-1519)  leader of
reform movement at Oxford, Dean of St Pauls.
   
Alexander VI 1492
1494 Sebastian Brandt publishes
Narranschiff.


Melanchthon born 16 February 1497


23 May 1498
Savonarola  (1452-98) burnt.

1503-32 Margaret
Tudor marries James IV of  Scotland.
Persecutions of Lollards begins.
  Henry Deane 1501-03. Wm.Warham
1503-32
Pius III 1503

Julius III 1503

 
1509 Henry
VIII marries Catharine of Arragon.
Henry
VIII
1509-47
    Calvin born
10 July 1509

1510
Erasmus  publishes Praise of Folly.

Jacques Lefevre preaching  in
Paris and at Sorbonne.

Wm Briconnet, Bp Meaux, reforming
his see.

1513 Flodden. James IV Scotland
killed.

1514 Peace
with Scotland and France.


Richard Hun murdered.

Leo X
1513
1515 Thomas Wolsey Lord Chancellor
and Cardinal
      Teresa of Avila (1515-82) born.
Spanish mystic, ReformedCarmelites. Mysticism
disliked  by  Church of Rome as it  does away with the priest.

Louis XII d 1 Jan 1515  
Francis I King of France.

1516 Erasmus
Greek Testament published.
 Sir Thomas More publishes Utopia.
       
1517 – 19         1517 Luther`s Thesis.posted
at Wittenburg.
1518 Zwingli  preaches at Zurich.
1519 Erasmus publishes 2nd edn. of Greek Testament
1519 Alexander Barclay publishes Ship of Fools.

Beza born
24 June 1519.

July 1519 Luther rejects
supremacy of Pope and infallibility of general councils.

Charles V, nephew of Catharine of
Arragon, Emperor.

Zwingli begins preaching his
“Evangelical Truth.”

 

1520 Henry
meets Francis I of France on “The Field of the Cloth of Gold” Calais.
Achieves nothing.
Wolsey commits to support of Spain against France.

1520 Luther publishes Babylonish
Captivity of the Church
1521 Henry
VIII writes against Luther, given title Defender of the Faith.
1521 Luther at Diet of Worms commits
himself irrevocably.

Luther
Excommunicated.

1522
Luther pub. New Testament. in German

Lefevre has NT pub in French. Oct.

1523
Suppression of small  monasteries by Wolsey

Adrian VI 1522
Clement VII 1523
Clement VI a reformer in Church of
Rome.

Luther publishes
translation of New Testament
21 Sept. 1523.

Zurich
accepts Zwingli and “Evangelical Truth”. Romanists rejected.

NT in French, one vol. pub at Meaux
12 Oct 1524.

1524-5 Widespread discontent leads to The
Peasant`s War in Germany.

1525 Bulk supplies of forbidden books
inc.
Tyndale`s English New Testament just published.
Thos. Garret distributor.
21 Jan 1525, Anabaptists
rejected in Zurich and create their own free church.

Psalms of David in French.

1526 11 Feb. Amid great pomp Wolsey and 36 bishops,
abbots, priors supervise burning of  Tyndale`s New Testament
at St Pauls,
      11 June 1526, Luther married
Catherine de Bora, a former nun.

25 June Diet of Speyers met.

1527 Henry
VIII application to the Pope for a divorce.
Charles V holds Rome.
1528 Henry VIII`s Oration to the People.

John Raimund or Ruremonde of
Amsterdam pubr.1500 copies 4th Edn New Testament, Imported 500 to England.

      June-Sep Sweating sickness in
England.2000 die in London alone.
1529 Sir Thomas More Chancellor. Break
with church – first layman for ca 120 years.

 

      1529 Diet of Speyer, origin of title
Protestant after `protestors` there.
 

Tyndale and Fryth
pub. translations of  Genesis and Deuteronomy.

1530

Thomas Hitton arrested and burnt 20
Feb.1530,for trafficking New Testament

Wolsey dismissed; dies 28 November
1530.

1530
Lutheran princes Confession of Faith made at Augsburg.

Defensive league at Smalkald.

1530
Antwerp Bible pub.
 

1531
Submission of the clergy.
Bilney burnt.

Richard
Bayfield,  priest, monk, bookseller, degraded and burnt.

1531 Protestants vs Romanaists war – Zwingli killed at Kappel
in October.

Oecolampadius d
5,11.1532 in Basle.

1533 Cranmer
& Gardiner pronounce Henry`s marriage to Catherine null and void.

Thomas Cranmer
1533-53.
1534 Papal Bull against divorce of Henry
& Catherine of Arragon

9 June 1534 Papal
authority
abolished

First
Reformed Primer published.

1534
Society of Jesus  founded by Ignatius of Loyola.(1491 or 1496-1556)
All Catholic ordinands pass through his Spiritual Exercises  –
a 4 week retreat of meditation and instruction.

1534 First complete German Luther
Bible at Wittenberg.

1535 Sir Thomas More exec.6 July.

Thomas
Cromwell appointed Vicar-General,

First complete printed bible (Coverdale`s).

Visitations of the monasteries.

Paul III
1534

Calvin`s
Institutes published.
Paul III  initiates reform of Church,

Calvin`s cousin Pierre Olivetan
pub. Neuchatel Bible, basis for definitive Geneva Bible  in 1588.

1536
Suppression of  lesser monasteries
Henry VIII devises his Book of Articles.
 Injunctions against Holy Days.

Northern rising on religious issues.
Kings supremacy confirmed.


Wm. Tyndale (1492-1536) strangled and burnt at Vilvorde.



Erasmus dies
(1466-1536)

1537
Pilgrimage of Grace. Royal Licence to Matthews Bible.
1538 Pope
excommunicates and deposes Henry VIII.
1539 The
Great Bible
(revison of Matthew Bible by Coverdale) pub. Suppression of all monasteries.
Act of the Six Articles.
1540
Thomas Cromwell executed
28 July.

Garret preacher &
bookseller burnt

1540 Pope recognises Society of
Jesus

1541 Clement Marot
produces Psalms in metre.

1542 Calvin`s ecclesiastical polity 
in Geneva.
 

1543
Tyndale`s translation prohibited.
1542 Inquisition revived in Italy,
deterrent against spread of Protestantism.

20 more Psalms by Marot. Psalter
pub. in Geneva.

1544
Introduction of English Litany
1545 The
King`s Primer
1545 Ship Mary Rose sank
Council of Trent first session 1545-7;- the Counter-Reformation begins.
1546 Anne
Askew and others burnt for denying- transubstantiation.

Many books prohinited  inc.
Tyndale`s and Coverdale`s translations.

Death of Luther
18 Feb. 1546.

The Protestant Protectorate  1547-1553.

1547 Duke of
Somerset Protector. Visitation of churches and Injunctions issued.
First
Book of Homilies.
Preaching of Latimer, Hooper, Ridley, Knox, Bradford.
Edward
VI
1547-53
1547-53 Peter Martyr at Oxford; Martin Bucer and Paul Fagius  at
Cambridge.
1548
Introduction of English Communion Service.
1549 First
Prayer Book 
of Edward VI, and Act of Uniformity passed.
Northumberland Protector.
1552 Somerset
executed. Second Prayer Book of Edward VI. and Uniformity Act. Chantries 
guilds etc suppressed.
Julius
III. 1550

Council of Trent, second main session 1551-2;
1553
The XLII
Articles produced.

Within
weeks of Mary`s accession many prelates replaced by those of the `true
faith`.

Mary I
1553-58
Servitus burnt by Calvin in Geneva.

The Catholic Reaction  1553- 1558.

1554 June.Wyatt`s
insurrection 
July, Marriage of Mary and Philip of Spain  November. Reconciliation
with Rome Surrender   to papacy.
1555
Southwark Commission (January). Martyrdoms begin (February).


 Latimer  and
Ridley burnt at Oxford 15 Oct.


Marcellus III for 3 weeks.


Paul VI.1555

Frankfort dispute -emergence of `Puritans.`
Treaty of Augsburg
did not recognise Calvinism. leading to conflict especially in Germany.
1556
Cranmer burnt at Oxford (21 March) .


Seditious writings of Protestant exiles.

Cardinal
Reginald Pole (22 March 1556-18 Nov 1558.)
Paul VI a reformer in Church of
Rome.
1557
Geneva
Testament.

Famine and pestilence in England.

New Testament with numbered verse;
Psalms pub.

Philip
of Spain embroils England in war with France.  Charles V retires to a
monastery.
1558 Death of
Mary (17 November). Death of Cardinal Pole (18 November).
Death of
Charles V. England loses Calais.

Protestantism Re-established 1558.

1559 Royal
supremacy restored. Second revision of Book of Common Prayer issued with
Act of Uniformity.  Court of High Commission appointed. Statutes against
heresy repealed.

Elizabeth I
1558-1603

Matthew Parker 1559-75.
Pius IV
1559
1559 Pius IV progresses first index
of prohibited publicationa Tridentine Index published 1564.
1560 Scots Regent, Mary of Guise dies
Presbyterianism established in
Scotland. Elizabeth supportive.

Geneva Bible” published.

      1560
Death of Melanchthon.
1561 Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, returned to Scotland from France.

17 August 1560 Reformation in Scotland.

1562 Jewel`s
Apology  for the Church of England published. Second Book of
Homilies.
1562 Death of Peter Martyr.
Council of Trent third main session.

Wars of Religion in France 1562-95.

1563 Foxe`s
Book of Martyrs published.
Council
of Trent closed. Confirmed direction of Church for many years to come.
1564
Advertisements concerning Vestments. Thirty seven London clergy decline to
conform to clerical vestments.
Death of Calvin
27 May 1564

1565
Beza`s Latin Testament published.

English college at Douai founded.


1567 Mary, Queen of Scots deposed; flees to England 1568.

1568 Bishop`s
Bible
published.

Miles Coverdale (1486-1568) died.

Pius V
1565

Persecution of Protestants by Alva in Netherlands (Spanish province),18,000 killed.
 
1569 Catholic
revolt in North of England (in support of Mary, Queen of Scots).
 
1570 Pope
excommunicates Queen Elizabeth. Thomas Cartwright expelled from Cambridge .
1571 Philip
of Spain and Ridolfi plot to put Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne of
England.
Severe laws against Catholics. Elizabeth sanctions the XXXIX Articles
.
1572

Parliament demands death of Mary, Queen of  Scots.(exec. 1587).

Knox dies, 24 November 1572.

Gregory XIII, 1572. St Bartholomew`s Day Massacre –
24 August 1572.

 

1576 Bible banned by Abp Parker. (amended
side Notes).
      1576 Catholic League in Europe led
by Guise family. Machinations to aid Mary QoS.

1578 Roman Catholic revision Louvain
Bible
pub.

1579  Seven northern provinces of Netherlands unite to form Dutch Republic.

1581 Law
against Recusants following influx of Jesuits.
Edmund Grindel 1576-83
1582
Throckmorton`s plot to kill Elizabeth and reinstate papal rule.
Court of High Commission pursues Puritans.

1582 Gregorian Calendar introduced.

Roman Catholic trans. Rheims -Douai
Bible.
(NT Rheims 1582; OT Douai 1609-10).

1584     John Whitgift 1583-1604.   James VI Scotland asserts Divine
Right and his supremacy of the church in Scotland.
1586
Babington`s plot in support of Mary, Queen of Scots.
Sixtus V 1585
1587
Mary, Queen of Scots, executed.18 Feb.
1588 Spanish
Armada defeated.
Definitive Geneva Bible pub.
1598         1593-1600 Irish rebellions under
O`Neill, Earl of Tyrone.
1593 Henry IV of France becomes Catholic.
Rene Descartes (1596-1650) born
1598 Edict of Nantes French Protestants guaranteed religious freedom
(until 1685 when revoked by Louis XIV and persecution of the Huguenots ).

1599-1602
Irish
revolt, Essex fails to resolve it.  Mountjoy succeeds.

1601 Elizabethan Poor Law.

Urban VII 1590
Gregory XIV 1590
Innocent IX 1591
Clement VIII 1592
1600 English East India Company
founded.
1602 Dutch East India Company founded.
1603
Elizabeth I dies. James Stuart, VI of Scotland and I of England.

Great Britain formed Protestantism
secured but Divine Right
policies of Stuart Kings exacerbate religious issues .

Millenary Petition.

1604 Hampton Court Conference.
Puritans disappointed.

1685 Charles II dies a papist.
1685-8 James II tries to reintroduce papacy first by stealth, then 
imposition. Results in  the “Glorious
Revolution” of 1688-90.

 

James
VI/I
Richard Bancroft
1604 -10
George Abbot 1611-33
William Laud 1633 -45
Wm, Juxon 1660-63
Gilbert Sheldon 1663-70
Wm. Sancroft 1678-90
John Tillotson 1691-94
Thos Tenison
 1695-1715.
1622 Gregory  XV founded Sacred
Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith aka the Propaganda.
Seeks to bring Catholic Missions under Vatican control.

Blaise Pascal (1623 -1662)
Religious thinker.-truth through the heart.
Letters published as “Thoughts” (Pensees)

 

 

 

 

 


Political events in Europe 1493-1621

Time Line for
Scotland 1600-1837.

Last amended
18/07/2011